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An illustration of a quay wall located in New York. A quay, pronounced 'key', is a wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are loaded. A quay may be constructed parallel or perpendicular to the bank of a waterway.

Quay Wall

An illustration of a quay wall located in New York. A quay, pronounced 'key', is a wharf or bank where…

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle of Fort Sumter during the American Civil War.

Fort Sumter Medal (Front)

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle…

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle of Fort Sumter during the American Civil War.

Fort Sumter Medal (Back)

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle…

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from as far southwest as Texas and Oklahoma and southeast to the Florida Everglades to as far northeast as Maine and as far northwest as Minnesota. It is listed as an endangered species by the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Maryland, and as exploitably vulnerable by New York. In Canada it is found in the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. It also is found in Cuba and the Bahamas.

Tuberous Grass Pink

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from…

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from as far southwest as Texas and Oklahoma and southeast to the Florida Everglades to as far northeast as Maine and as far northwest as Minnesota. It is listed as an endangered species by the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Maryland, and as exploitably vulnerable by New York. In Canada it is found in the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. It also is found in Cuba and the Bahamas.

Tuberous Grass Pink

The Tuberous Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) is an orchid native to the eastern United States from…

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe

Crwth on a Seal

An illustration of a crwth on a 14th century seal. The crwth (in English crowd) is an archaic stringed…

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus, riddle, or other descriptive device." -Whitney, 1911

Riddle Seal

The riddle in this "Riddle-seal of Oxford" is an 'ox' crossing a 'ford.' "A seal which contains a rebus,…

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of which are frequently found in archaeological excavations." -Whitney, 1911

Vase Sealing

"Ancient Cretan sealing. An impression in clay used to seal vases and other receptacles, examples of…

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription on the scroll "S. opidi schilttach".

Motto Label

The motto label is a found on the seal of the town of Schiltach, Germany. It has a Gothic inscription…

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the shores of Lake Erie.

New York Rock Formation

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the…

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Bearded Seal

The Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) is a seal in the Phocidae family of true or earless seals.

Peter Struyvesant was the last Dutch governor of the New Netherlands colony.

Peter Struyvesant in New Amsterdam

Peter Struyvesant was the last Dutch governor of the New Netherlands colony.

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign of Richard I. of England, whose second great seal shows this crest, and again at the end of the thirteenth century, when it assumed the shape of a fan or screen with radiating ribs, attached to the helm at a single point." -Whitney, 1911

Medieval Helmet with Fan Crest

"Fan-crest, about 1350. A form of crest common in the middle ages at different periods, as in the reign…

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic of the formations. The depression in Utica is due to erosion.

Various Types of Overlap Across New York State

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic…

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg at Rondout, New York.

Ordovician Sandstone and Silurian Limestone

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg…

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg at Rondout, New York before the last folding.

Ordovician Sandstone and Silurian Limestone

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg…

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting of the peneplane.

New York Peneplane

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting…

Profile of the Hudson River from New York City through the Highlands, showing the fjord-like excavation above the mouth and the gradual northward rise of the peneplane.

Hudson River

Profile of the Hudson River from New York City through the Highlands, showing the fjord-like excavation…

The Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is large seal in the Otariidae family of eared seals.

Northern Fur Seal

The Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is large seal in the Otariidae family of eared seals.

Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus; Peter is never mentioned in historical records) (c. 1612 – August 1672) served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City. The Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York, United States is named after him.

Peter Stuyvesant

Peter Stuyvesant (originally Pieter or Petrus; Peter is never mentioned in historical records) (c. 1612…

"Gate-tower or Barbican, Walmgate Bar, York, England. In medieval fortification, a tower built beside or over a gate, as of a city, etc., for the purpose of defending the passage." -Whitney, 1911

Barbican of Walmgate Bar

"Gate-tower or Barbican, Walmgate Bar, York, England. In medieval fortification, a tower built beside…

An illustration of the University of New York. New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan. Founded in 1831, NYU is the largest private, nonprofit institution of higher education in the United States, with an enrollment of more than 50,000 students.

New York University

An illustration of the University of New York. New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian,…

John Adams Dix (1798 - 1879) served as the Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and New York Governor. He was also a Civil War General in the New York Militia.

General John A. Dix

John Adams Dix (1798 - 1879) served as the Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and New York Governor.…

John Adams Dix, of New York, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. He sent Mr. Jones to New Orleans with an order to Captain Breshwood, commanding the revenue-cutter at that port, to sail to New York. The captain was a secessionist and proposed to turn the vessel over to the Confederates, whereupon Secretary Dix sent this dispatch: "If any man attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot!"

Fac-smile of General John A. Dix's Dispatch

John Adams Dix, of New York, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. He sent Mr. Jones to New Orleans…

The secessionists tore up the railroad but the men of the eighth Massachusetts knew how to build railroads. Together with the New York Seventh Regiment, they began to spike down the rails and relaid the rails and made their way to Washington.

New York Seventh Regiment Marching Down Broadway

The secessionists tore up the railroad but the men of the eighth Massachusetts knew how to build railroads.…

A political cartoon of Horatio Seymour, an American politician. Seymour was governor from New York from 1853-1854 and 1863-1864. The caricature depicts Seymour as the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States for the election of 1868 and how it "plunged him into a sea of troubles." Seymour lost the election to Republican Ulysses S. Grant.

Democratic Nominee Governor Horatio Seymour

A political cartoon of Horatio Seymour, an American politician. Seymour was governor from New York from…

A ring cartoon of 1868 showing Mayor Hoffman on a screen to cover the city frauds, a respectable screen covers a multitude of thieves by the "ring" in New York. Mayor Hoffman was the mayor of New York from 1866 - 1868.

Mayor John Thompson Hoffman Covering Frauds

A ring cartoon of 1868 showing Mayor Hoffman on a screen to cover the city frauds, a respectable screen…

The Economical Council in Albany, NY showing New York corruption. This is the second Tweed cartoon. Hoffman sits on the dais, with Sweeny at his right hand. Hall, Connolly, and Tweed are prominent among the supporters, as are Jay Gould and Jim Frisk of the Erie contingent.

Economical Council and New York Corruption

The Economical Council in Albany, NY showing New York corruption. This is the second Tweed cartoon.…

Criticism for the "White-Washing Committee's report on the "ring's" accounts. The "White-Washing Committee" invited by The Ring controller to inspect his books. Nast entitled this drawing "Three Blind Mice."

White-Washing Committee's Reports

Criticism for the "White-Washing Committee's report on the "ring's" accounts. The "White-Washing Committee"…

Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicted the sinking of the commissioners. Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring.

Sinking the Commissioners

Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicted the sinking of the commissioners. Nast depicts New York…

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicted Tammany excising the law at the Rum Hole. A board of excise appointed by some local authority.

Tammany Excise Law

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicted…

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts our public schools "going to the dogs."

Public Schools Going to the Dogs

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts…

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts the no registry law and the Tammany police.

No Registry Law and Tammany

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts…

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts the Democratic Party victory whereas "to the victors belong the spoils."

Fruits of the Democratic Victory

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts…

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts the reorganization of the old fire department in New York.

New York Fire Department Reorganization

Nast depicts New York corruption under Tammany Hall Ring. Nast's shadows of forthcoming events predicts…

Senator Tweed from the New York Legislature is urged to reform in a Hamlet political cartoon where he is depicted as Queen Gertrude.

Senator Tweed in a New Role

Senator Tweed from the New York Legislature is urged to reform in a Hamlet political cartoon where he…

Nast shows New York corruption with Tammany as "The Power Behind the Throne" of Mayor Hoffman.

Mayor Hoffman's Corruption in New York

Nast shows New York corruption with Tammany as "The Power Behind the Throne" of Mayor Hoffman.

Nast shows New York corruption as Tweed attempts to mask his action through handouts to the poor as Tweedledee and Sweedledum.

Tweed Masks His Corruptive Actions

Nast shows New York corruption as Tweed attempts to mask his action through handouts to the poor as…

Nast shows New York corruption as Tammany Ring orders the Board of Education to destroy all Harper's textbooks. The New Board of Education, sowing the seed with an eye to the harvest.

New York New Board of Education

Nast shows New York corruption as Tammany Ring orders the Board of Education to destroy all Harper's…

Nast shows New York corruption with Auditor Watson's Death and suspicions on Broadway Works project. "Gross irregularity not fraudulent."

Auditor Watson's Death and Suspicions on Broadway Works Project

Nast shows New York corruption with Auditor Watson's Death and suspicions on Broadway Works project.…

Nast depicts Shandley and Tweed rehearsing A Mid Summer Night's Dream where Shandley is Puck. Shandley (as Puck): "Allow me to immortalize you, Boss!" Tweed (realizing his part): "I most emphatically and decidedly object to it. I am not deficient in common-sense."

Shandley and Tweed's Rehearsal

Nast depicts Shandley and Tweed rehearsing A Mid Summer Night's Dream where Shandley is Puck. Shandley…

Nast depicts New York corruption with New York under Tweed's thumb. "The Boss - 'well, what are you going to do about it?'"

New York Under Tweed's Thumb

Nast depicts New York corruption with New York under Tweed's thumb. "The Boss - 'well, what are you…

Nast depicts New York corruption as Tammany Hall contemplates Mayor Hoffman's Presidential bid. Hoffman: "It will be very difficult to sit on both of those stools at once. You know the Proverb, Boss!" Boss Tweed: "If you were blessed with my Figure, you could manage it."

Tammany Hall Contemplates Hoffman's Presidential Bid

Nast depicts New York corruption as Tammany Hall contemplates Mayor Hoffman's Presidential bid. Hoffman:…

Nast depicts New York corruption with the abuses at the ballot box as the root of Tammany power. Boss Tweed: "As long as I count the votes, what are you going to do about it?"

Abuses at the Ballot Box are the Root of Tammany Power

Nast depicts New York corruption with the abuses at the ballot box as the root of Tammany power. Boss…

Nast depicts New York corruption as Tweed is "the brains" at the New York state convention. This is one of the most famous of Nast's caricatures.

Tweed as the Brains at the New York Convention

Nast depicts New York corruption as Tweed is "the brains" at the New York state convention. This is…

The first great question posed to the Tammany Ring is "Who is Incersoll's CO?"

Tammany Ring Questions

The first great question posed to the Tammany Ring is "Who is Incersoll's CO?"

The second great question posed to the Tammany Ring is "Who stole the People's money?"

Tammany Ring Questions

The second great question posed to the Tammany Ring is "Who stole the People's money?"

Nast depicts New York corruption with wholesale and retail double standards in dealing with New York thieves.

Wholesale and Retail

Nast depicts New York corruption with wholesale and retail double standards in dealing with New York…

Nast depicts New York corruption with Tweed Ring's national ticket and cabinet for the election of 1872.

Tweed Ring Ticket for 1872

Nast depicts New York corruption with Tweed Ring's national ticket and cabinet for the election of 1872.

Nast depicts New York corruption with the Tammany Ring as vultures waiting for the storm to blow over. "Let us prey."

Tammany Ring as Vultures

Nast depicts New York corruption with the Tammany Ring as vultures waiting for the storm to blow over.…

Nast depicts New York corruption with the vouchers stolen from Connolly's office which is "too thin" an excuse as they supposedly "know nothing about the stolen vouchers."

Vouchers Stolen from Connolly's Office

Nast depicts New York corruption with the vouchers stolen from Connolly's office which is "too thin"…

Nast depicts New York corruption with the New York City Treasury, empty to the workmen and the four masters who emptied it.

New York Treasury Empty

Nast depicts New York corruption with the New York City Treasury, empty to the workmen and the four…

Nast depicts New York corruption - "Stop Thief!" - A stampede to find the scapegoat.

Stampede to Find the Scapegoat

Nast depicts New York corruption - "Stop Thief!" - A stampede to find the scapegoat.

Nast depicts New York Corruption with Boss Tweed holding onto the reins of the Democratic Party prior to the election of 1872.

Boss Tweed Holds Reins of Democratic Party

Nast depicts New York Corruption with Boss Tweed holding onto the reins of the Democratic Party prior…

Nast depicts New York corruption where Tammany and Boss Tweed uses fear to gain respect.

Respect of Fear

Nast depicts New York corruption where Tammany and Boss Tweed uses fear to gain respect.

The famous Tammany Tiger loose. "What are you going to do about it?"

Tammany Tiger Loose

The famous Tammany Tiger loose. "What are you going to do about it?"

The Tammany Ring defeated. Tweed as Marius amongst the ruins of Carthage.

Tammany Ring Defeated

The Tammany Ring defeated. Tweed as Marius amongst the ruins of Carthage.

New York Mayor Oakey Hall as "the last thorn of summer."

Mayor Oakey Hall as the Last Thorn of Summer

New York Mayor Oakey Hall as "the last thorn of summer."

Mayor Oakey Hall as a stubborn jack-in-the-box.

Mayor Oakey Hall as Jack-In-The-Box

Mayor Oakey Hall as a stubborn jack-in-the-box.

No prison is big enough for Boss William Tweed.

Boss Tweed is Too Big for Prison

No prison is big enough for Boss William Tweed.